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Imperial County, California

Wildfire risk in Imperial County: where it is highest, and why

Wildfire risk in Imperial County spans a wide range across the places we scored. The overall score runs from 11.7 to 77.8, with a middle value of 39.1. That means conditions can look very different from one part of the county to another.

Before 20002000s2010s2020sCommunity
Imperial County — the largest fires on record, at their perimeter centres, with the county’s main communities. Select a marker for its detail.
At a glance

Half of Imperial County scores Moderate or worse

We scored 165 points across Imperial County on the same 0–100 scale a Satelife address report uses, and they do not land in one place. 1% of them come out Very High, while 22% are Low. Which end your own parcel sits at is not something a county map can tell you.

Very High 1% · 1 of 165 points High 8% · 14 of 165 points Moderate 69% · 114 of 165 points Low 22% · 36 of 165 points
Safest end we measured 11.7 near Salton City · Low
Middle of the county 39.1 Moderate — half of Imperial County is above this
Most exposed end we measured 77.8 near Ocotillo · Very High

And the federal models agree it is a fire county

Relatively Low FEMA National Risk Index — wildfire risk rating · index score 76 / 100
$184k / yr FEMA NRI — expected annual loss from wildfire · rated Relatively Low
0.04% USFS Wildfire Risk to Communities — mean annual burn probability · 90th-percentile cell 0.11%
1.61 ft USFS WRC — mean conditional flame length · 36% of the county carries burnable fuel

FEMA NRI also rates Imperial County: all-hazards risk Relatively High · social vulnerability Very High · community resilience Very Low · annualised wildfire frequency 0.0008.

Sources: FEMA National Risk Index 1.20.0 (Dec 2025), county record · USFS Wildfire Risk to Communities v2.0, mean of the grid cells inside the county. Both describe the county as a whole, never an address in it.

What does your Imperial County address score?

A county range shows the spread. Your parcel sits somewhere inside it — the report says where, and what to do about it.

Free to request · PDF report with a 0–100 score, the drivers behind it, and a mitigation plan

Local context

What the data says about Imperial County

Most scored places fell in the Moderate tier, with 114 points there. Low came next with 36 points, while High had 14 and Very High had 1.

For county-wide context, FEMA’s National Risk Index rates Imperial County’s wildfire risk as Relatively Low and its wildfire expected annual loss as Relatively Low. In the same FEMA system, the county’s all-hazards risk is rated Relatively High.

Fire record

Where the fires actually were

Since 1984, fire perimeters in Imperial County add up to 49 incidents and 8,717 acres. That equals 0.3% of the county area burned over that period.

The largest fire listed here is Island Lake (2013), at 2,109 acres.

The most recent large fire is West Main (2023), at 1,028 acres.

49 mapped fire perimeters centred in the county since 1984
8,717 acres inside those perimeters since 1984
0.3% of the county's area, as a share of 11,562.6 km²
West Main 2023 most recent large fire on record
Named fires on record
  • Island Lake Fire20132,109 acres
  • West Main Fire20231,028 acres
  • Clip Fire20211,068 acres
  • Draper Fire2017833 acres
  • Broadway Fire2025841 acres in totalcrossed into the county
  • Inkopah Fire2007699 acres
  • Foster Fire2026236 acres
  • Highline Fire2013262 acres

Perimeter sources: NIFC Interagency Fire Perimeter History · WFIGS Interagency Perimeters · largest on record: Island Lake 2013. Perimeters are simplified for display; acreage is the figure the source records.

Communities

Where in the county you are matters most

Among larger population centers, scored risk is lower in El Centro (15.6) and sits somewhat higher in Calexico (20.5) and Brawley (21.1).

Several smaller communities score higher, including Niland (38.7), Slab City (43.4), and Winterhaven (49.2). That spread is why local address-level context matters inside the same county.

Winterhaven village · 390 people
49.2 Moderate
Slab City village · 200 people
43.4 Moderate
Ocotillo village
40.5 Moderate
Dixieland village
40.1 Moderate
Niland village · 756 people
38.7 Moderate
Salton City village · 5,155 people
37.1 Moderate
Heber village
30.6 Moderate
Calipatria village · 6,515 people
24.5 Low
Holtville town · 5,605 people
23.7 Low
Imperial town · 20,263 people
22.9 Low
5 more communities in Imperial County
Seeley town
22.4 Low
Brawley town · 26,416 people
21.1 Low
Calexico town · 38,633 people
20.5 Low
Westmorland village · 2,014 people
20.4 Low
El Centro city · 44,322 people
15.6 Low

The score is the median of the sampled points nearest that community — a community-scale indicator, not a score for any individual property in it. Population comes from the community's own record where the source carries one.

Terrain & fuels

Terrain, vegetation and fuels

Terrain scores range from 5.0 in Heber to 65.0 near Ocotillo, with a county middle of 20.0. In plain terms, slope and landform exposure are much stronger in some areas than others.

Vegetation and fuels are generally higher than terrain in this county: scores run from 5.0 near Westmorland up to 80.0 in Heber, with a middle of 70.0. That pattern contributes to wildfire risk in places where burnable cover is more continuous.

20 median terrain score (max 65 near Ocotillo)
70 median vegetation & fuels score (max 80 near Heber)
Fire weather

Fire weather across Imperial County

Fire-weather scores are consistently elevated across the places scored, ranging from 57.0 in Salton City to 67.0 near Slab City, with a middle value of 59.3.

A separate USFS Wildfire Risk to Communities product reports a mean annual burn probability of 0.04% and a 90th-percentile cell value of 0.11%. It also shows 36.2% of the county as burnable in that model; this is a modeled burn-probability view, not a fire-weather score.

57 lowest fire-weather score — near Salton City
67 highest fire-weather score — near Slab City
What drives it

Which part of the risk moves, and which doesn't

Risk is not uniform between communities. In the places scored, El Centro is on the lower end at 15.6, while Winterhaven is higher at 49.2.

You also see big shifts within local areas. The highest scored location is near Ocotillo at 77.8, while the lowest scored location is in Salton City at 11.7, even though Salton City’s community middle score is 37.1.

Each bar is what one part of the score covers across Imperial County, on the same 0–100 scale. A long bar is a part of the risk that depends on where you are; a short one is the same almost everywhere.

Terrain
5–65 highest near Ocotillo
Vegetation & fuels
5–80 highest near Heber
Hazard zone
10–53.1 highest near Salton City
Fire history
5–95 highest near Winterhaven
Fire weather
57–67 highest near Slab City
Overall score
11.7–77.8 highest near Ocotillo

The tick on each bar is the middle value. Tier boundaries — Moderate at 25, High at 50, Very High at 75 — are the faint lines behind them.

Show every number behind these bars
Layer Min Median Max Lowest place Highest place Points
Terrain 5 20 65 Heber near Ocotillo 165
Vegetation & fuels 5 70 80 near Westmorland Heber 165
Hazard zone 10 10 53.1 near Ocotillo near Salton City 165
Fire history 5 5 95 near Ocotillo Winterhaven 165
Fire weather 57 59.3 67 Salton City near Slab City 165
Composite 11.7 39.1 77.8 Salton City near Ocotillo 165

Independently of Satelife's layers, the USFS Wildfire Risk to Communities grid puts the county's mean annual burn probability at 0.04% (90th percentile cell: 0.11%), with a mean conditional flame length of 1.61 ft. 36% of the 33,477 grid cells inside the county carry burnable fuel at all.

Source: USFS Wildfire Risk to Communities v2.0 (ImageServer, county extent).

CAL FIRE has no mapped Fire Hazard Severity Zone at 92 of the 165 sampled points — the zones cover Local Responsibility Areas, and most of this county is state or federal land. At 30 of them the USFS grid above supplied the hazard reading instead; at the remaining 62 the hazard weight is renormalised away rather than scored as low.

165 sample points on a ~2.3 km grid, plus one at the centre of each community, weighted with the Satelife county profile v1 · median layer coverage 100%. Scores are 0–100 and comparable within the county, not across states.

For a property

What a county range means for one address

For property context, hazard-zone scores are low in many places, with a middle value of 10.0, but they rise to 53.1 near Salton City. So this factor can change a lot by location.

Fire-history scores are low in many scored places (middle 5.0), but they reach 95.0 in Winterhaven. This layer reflects where past fire footprints are more present and where they are less present.

Across 165 sampled points in Imperial County, the score runs from 11.7 to 77.8 — two neighbouring parcels can sit in different tiers. A county number is the middle of that spread; it says nothing about which end yours is at.

Find out where your Imperial County parcel sits

Slope, the fuel touching the structure, the road out, the fire history within a mile — measured at your address, not averaged across the county.

Free to request · PDF report with a 0–100 score, the drivers behind it, and a mitigation plan

Coverage

ZIP codes we cover in Imperial County

Every one of the 23 ZIP areas that touch Imperial County — we run address-level reports in all of them. They are grouped by the median score of the points we sampled inside each, which is a neighbourhood-scale indicator and not a score for any property: two homes in the same ZIP routinely land in different tiers.

Grouped from 16 of 23 ZIP areas — the rest had no sample point fall inside them. The community shown is the nearest mapped place to the ZIP's centre.

ZIP areas are Census 2020 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas intersecting the county boundary.

Where to go next

Imperial County wildfire risk in context

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about Imperial County wildfire risk

Is wildfire risk the same everywhere in Imperial County?

No. Scores in the places we scored range from 11.7 to 77.8, so risk conditions vary substantially by location.

What are the key recent fire facts for this county?

Since 1984, 49 fire perimeters have burned 8,717 acres in the county, or 0.3% of county area. The largest listed fire is Island Lake (2013), and the most recent large fire is West Main (2023).

What does FEMA say about county-wide wildfire risk?

FEMA’s National Risk Index rates Imperial County’s wildfire risk as Relatively Low and wildfire expected annual loss as Relatively Low. FEMA’s all-hazards risk rating for the county is Relatively High.

Are fire-weather conditions low here because some towns have lower overall scores?

Not necessarily. Fire-weather scores are high and fairly tight across the county’s scored places (57.0 to 67.0), while overall wildfire risk still varies because other factors differ by location.

This page is generated from a Imperial County data pack assembled on 2026-08-19 (pack v1.0). Scores are sampled across the county, not measured at any individual address, and are informational decision support — not a substitute for official evacuation orders, a fire-agency hazard determination, or an insurer's underwriting judgement. Data versions: fema_nri 1.20.0 (Dec 2025) · landfire per adapter · nifc_history All Years View · wfigs current · wrc v2.0 (2024) · zcta Census 2020.

What does your parcel look like, layer by layer?

A county range shows the spread. An address-level Satelife report shows where in that spread your property actually sits — PDF, per-layer score, and a prioritized mitigation plan.

Start with your address →